Temperature Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TMDSC) works by subjecting a sample to a temperature oscillation, which can be superimposed on a linear heating or cooling program. It is used to separate overlapping temperature-dependent and time-dependent thermal effects.
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According to the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICTAC), thermal analysis is group of techniques in which a physical property of a substance is measured as a function of temperature while the substance is subjected to a controlled temperature program.
The term "latent heat flow" refers to the transfer of heat that accompanies a phase change in a substance. This heat is referred to as "latent" because it is not associated with a change in temperature, but rather with a change in the physical state of the substance (e.g. from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas).
Sensible heat flow refers to the transfer of heat that is associated with a change in temperature of a substance, but not a change in its physical state.
The main difference between latent and sensible heat flow is the nature of the heat transfer. Sensible heat flow involves the transfer of heat between two substances that are at different temperatures, resulting in a change in temperature of the receiving substance. On the other hand, latent heat flow involves the transfer of heat between two substances that are at the same temperature, resulting in a change in the physical state of the receiving substance.
As a result of the modulation, the phase transition signal is split into two parts: a modulated component and a baseline component. The modulated component corresponds to the latent heat flow, which is associated with the phase transition itself, while the baseline component corresponds to the sensible heat flow, which is associated with the temperature change of the sample.
METTLER TOLEDO offers three different measurement techniques for TMDSC, including ADSC, IsoStep, and TOPEM.
With conventional DSC, it is not possible to separate the latent and sensible heat flows. In contrast, temperature modulated DSC, or TMDSC, enables the separation of the measured DSC output signal into what is called the reversing heat flow (cp information) and the non-reversing heat flow (excess heat production); this allows you to understand and interpret the different thermal events that occur in the sample and to distinguish between overlapping effects.